Postpartum Depression (PPD) is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest in activities once enjoyed. It can occur anytime within the first year after childbirth and may interfere with a mother's ability to care for her baby.

Postpartum Anxiety (PPA) involves excessive worry and fear that can be overwhelming. Mothers may experience physical symptoms such as heart palpitations, dizziness, and nausea. Unlike the "baby blues," these feelings do not go away on their own and require professional intervention.

Perinatal Panic is different from general anxiety because it is directly linked to the unique emotional, hormonal, and physical shifts that occur during pregnancy and the postpartum period. These changes can overwhelm new parents, particularly mothers, as they adjust to their new roles and responsibilities. Symptoms can include intense feelings of fear, a racing heartbeat, dizziness, and a sense of losing control.

Postpartum OCD (PPOCD) may cause intrusive thoughts and compulsive behaviors related to their baby's safety. These thoughts can be distressing and are often accompanied by a strong urge to perform certain actions to alleviate anxiety.

Postpartum Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PPTSD)
This disorder can occur after a traumatic childbirth experience. Symptoms include flashbacks, nightmares, and severe anxiety, which can affect a mother's ability to bond with her baby.

Postpartum Psychosis (PPP) is a severe mental health emergency that requires immediate attention. Symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, and extreme mood swings. It typically occurs within the first two weeks after delivery but can happen during the first year after delivery.

Perinatal Bipolar Disorder
involves extreme mood swings that can range from depressive lows to manic highs. It can be challenging to diagnose due to overlapping symptoms with other PMADs.

Maternal substance abuse during pregnancy and the postpartum period poses significant risks to both the mother and the child. The use of illicit drugs or excessive alcohol consumption can lead to various complications, including fetal malformations, premature birth, low birth weight, and neonatal abstinence syndrome.